ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION. Currently, Parkinson's disease is a common socially significant multisystem neurodegeneration that significantly limits the everyday, professional and social activities of patients. The clinical picture includes classic motor symptoms and many non-motor disorders, which requires an integrated approach to treatment. In recent years, it has been paid more attention to the development of rehabilitation for Parkinson's disease, primarily non-pharmacological methods.

AIM. To present a literature review on the current use of non-pharmacological methods of treatment and rehabilitation for PD based on biofeedback (BFB).

MATERIALS AND METHODS. An analysis of 59 literary sources was conducted on the RSCI and PubMed databases for the period 2010-2025 on the topic of non-pharmacological treatment methods for PD, as well as the use of rehabilitation methods with biofeedback (BFB). Data of our own clinical study are presented.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The review considers various options of motor rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (strength exercises, aerobic training, methods using biofeedback, virtual reality, computer games, mental images), physiotherapeutic treatment (balneotherapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation of endorphin structures of the brain, acupuncture), cognitive training, social and psychological impact. The results of own study of the effectiveness of sensorimotor control of breathing method using the software and hardware complex "DiaTrack-P" based on BFB in the complex correction of respiratory dysfunction and asthenia in the early stages of Parkinson's disease are presented. It was shown that the treatment course of ensorimotor control of breathing based on BFB helps to reduce specific respiratory complaints characteristic of patients with Parkinson's disease, normalizes the biomechanics of breathing with the formation of a normopnoic breathing pattern, reduces autonomic imbalance, manifestations of asthenia, thereby improving the quality of life in patients.

CONCLUSION. An integrated approach to the rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson's disease using mainly non- pharmacological methods based on BFB allows to slow down the progression of the disease, achieve long-term treatment effects, reach the desired everyday and socio-cultural adaptation and maintain the quality of life in patients at each stage of the disease.

KEYWORDS: Parkinson's disease, motor rehabilitation, respiratory disorders, respiratory biomechanics, sensorimotor control of breathing, biofeedback (BFB)

For citation: Chernovolenko E.P., Barulin A.E., Kurushina O.V. Non-pharmacological Rehabilitation Methods for Parkinson's Disease with an Emphasis on Biofeedback Therapy: a Review. Comorbidity Neurology. 2025; 2 (3): 34-44. https://doi.org/10.62505/3034-185x-2025-2-3-34-44

*For correspondence: Elena P. Chernovolenko, assistant of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Medical Genetics Department, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, e-mail: chernovolenkoe87@mail.ru ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-9062

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Elena P. Chernovolenko, assistant of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Medical Genetics Department, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia. E-mail: chernovolenkoe87@mail.ru ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-9062

Aleksander E. Barulin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of Neurology, Psychiatry, Manual Medicine, Medical Rehabilitation Department, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia. E-mail: barulin23@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-3580

Olga V. Kurushina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Medical Genetics Department, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia. E-mail: ovkurushina@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-0123

Author contributions. All authors confirm the compliance of their authorship, according to international ICMJE criteria (all authors made a significant contribution to the development of the concept, research and preparation of the article, read and approved the final version before publication). Special contributions: Chernovolenko E.P. – formal analysis, methodology investigation, writing – review & editing; writing – original draft; Barulin A.E., Kurushina O.V. – supervision, project administration, writing – review & editing

Funding. This study was not supported by any external sources of funding.

Disclosure. The authors declare no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.

The content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

©2025. Elena P. Chernovolenko, Aleksander E. Barulin, Olga V. Kurushina