ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION. For more than three decades, researchers have studied the relationship between the presence of chronic pain conditions and adverse childhood experiences (NCE) such as sexual abuse  and family troubles. A number of intermittent hypotheses have been put forward to explain the relationship between chronic pain and the presence of adverse childhood care, mainly focusing on concepts of biological rooting. The (NCE) has been called a public health crisis, and it is widely recognized that it has a detrimental impact on social consequences and health conditions.

AIM. To conduct a meta-analysis of the scientific evidence and to identify the place of negative childhood experiences in the in the development of primary chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed meta-analyses on this topic in the following databases: PubMed, Research Gate, Elsevier in the time frame from 2015 to 2024. The following phrases were used to search for suitable literature: "chronic pelvic pain", "adverse childhood experience", "chronic pelvic pain syndrome", "endometriosis", "upoint", "upoints".

DISCUSSION. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a rather ambiguous and multicomponent disease that includes a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms, and, unfortunately, currently the leading mechanism for the development of this syndrome has not been identified. The diagnosis of CFS is a diagnosis of exclusion, in which there is no infectious and/or organic pathology in the pelvic organs. However, in order to arrive at this diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo various examinations by doctors of various specialties: urologist, gynecologist, gastroenterologist, neurologist, psychotherapist, etc. An important component in the diagnosis of CFS and the development of further treatment tactics is the UPOINT(S) phenotyping model, which includes 7 domains: Urinary, Psychosocial, Organ specific, Infectious, Neurological/systemic and musculospastic skeletal muscles), an assessment of sexual activity function. Recent research reports on the need to introduce an eighth domain called "negative childhood experiences" into this concept and modify this model from UPOINTS to CUPOINTS.

CONCLUSION. In our opinion, negative childhood experiences are one of the key links in the chain of proper diagnosis and treatment of pelvic pain syndromes, since it has become obvious that negative childhood experiences have a huge impact on the formation of chronic pain in general and chronic pain in particular.

KEYWORDS: chronic pelvic pain, adverse childhood experience, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, endometriosis, UPOINT , UPOINTS, CUPOINTS

For citation: Sharov M.N., Rachin A.P., Maksimova M.Yu., Zaitsev A.V., Prokofieva Y.S., Rachin S.A., Parsamyan R.R. CUPOINTS – a New Model of Chronic Pelvic Pain. The Place of Negative Childhood Experiences in the Formation of Primary Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: а Review. Comorbidity Neurology. 2025; 2 (1): 33-42. https://doi.org/10.62505/3034-185x-2025-2-1-33-42

*For correspondence: Andrei P. Rachin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, President of the National Association of Experts in Comorbid Neurology, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: 7851377@gmail.com.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Mikhail N. Sharov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Nervous Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: 6112286@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-346X

Andrei P. Rachin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, President of the National Association of Experts in Comorbid Neurology, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: 7851377@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4266-0050

Marina Yu. Maksimova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the 2nd Neurology Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia. Е-mail: ncnmaximova@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-6672

Andrey V. Zaitsev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Urology, Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: zaitcevandrew@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-1424

Yulia S. Prokofieva, postgraduate student of the Department of Nervous Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, Russian University of Medicine; Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: pryulek@yandex.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-7174

Sergei A. Rachin, Executive Director, National Association of Experts in Comorbid Neurology, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: Rachin.sergei@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9771-4621

Ruzanna R. Parsamyan, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology named after. K.N. Tretyakova; Senior Researcher at the Department of Basic Research in Neurocardiology, Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky; Head of Clinic Pain, Saratov, Russia. E-mail: kvl.prr@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-5958

Author contributions. All authors confirm that their authorship complies with the international ICMJE criteria (all authors made a significant contribution to the development of the concept, the conduct of the study and the preparation of the article, read and approved the final version before publication). Special contributions: Rachin S.A., Prokofieva Yu.S., Parsamyan R.R., Maksimova M.Yu., Zaitsev A.V., – conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing – review & editing; Rachin A.P., Sharov M.N.  – data curation, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft

Funding. This study was not  supported by any external sources of funding.

Disclosure. Rachin A.P. – Editor-in-Chief of the Journal «Comorbidity Neurology», Sharov M.N. – Member of the Editorial Council of the Journal «Comorbidity Neurology». Other authors declare no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.

The content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

©2025. Mikhail N. Sharov, Andrei P. Rachin, Marina Yu. Maksimova et al.